This is a matter of acute concern given that Egypt depends on the Nile for about 97% of its irrigation and drinking water. grand ethiopian renaissance dam. Factbox: Key facts about Ethiopia's giant Nile dam | Reuters In terms of putative new law, namely the Watercourses Convention and the DoP, the key principles of equitable utilisation and no significant harm seem to leave ample room to accommodate the construction of a dam for hydroelectric generation purposes. PDF Negative Impact of Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Population on - AJER Faced with the anachronistic Nile Waters Treaties on the one hand and the absence of a suitable replacement on the other, discussions about the Dam have fallen into something of a stalemate. The Government of Egypt, a country which relies heavily on the waters of the Nile, has demanded that Ethiopia cease construction on the dam as a preconditions to negotiations, sought regional support for its position, and some political leaders have discussed methods to sabotage it. Challenges for water sharing in the Nile basin: changing geo-politics and changing climate. Alaa al-Zawahiri, a member of the Egyptian National Panel of Experts studying the effects of the Renaissance Dam, believes as much. The United States is Committed to Egypt's Water Security and Advancing Even in 2023, there are only 46 state parties, with key actors such as the US, Canada and Brazil remaining outside the Conventions regime. This is on the basis of the principles of State succession as outlined in the Vienna Convention on the Succession of States (VCSS). l Coordinates 111255N 3505 . In March 2015, a 'Declaration of Principles' was signed by the leaders of Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, setting the foundations for an initial cooperation. Both Egypt and Ethiopia could make arguments in support of their positions. All three countries have a vested interest in a properly operated dam. Egypt, fearing major disruptions to its access to the Nile's waters, originally intended to prevent even the start of the GERD's construction. But this did not rule out eruptions of tension, not just between local communities and the central government, but also between Ethiopia and its neighbours. Before discussing the benefits, the article will brief the general technical overview of the GERDP. March 14, 2020, 6:57 AM. In contrast, if water from the Dam were to be used for irrigation purposes by Ethiopia (i.e. While such dams also come with long-term benefits to local populations, the chief beneficiary will always be the state, which reaps profits from the sale of surplus electricity. Second, as also noted above, the Dam is to be used for electricity generation, not irrigation. Both citizens and governments should be made part of the solution to the water-related conflicts that now threaten peace and security in the Nile Basin. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is estimated to cost close to 5 billion US dollars, about 7% of the 2016 Ethiopian gross national product. Indeed, as Tekuya notes, Ethiopia persistently objected to the 1929 and 1959 treaties and made clear that its failure to exploit the Nile resulted from a lack of capacity rather than a lack of a legal right to do so. Poverty alleviation, which is a major concern for all Nile Basin countries, could form the basis of a cooperative arrangement between all the Niles riparians. Whittington, D. et al. Ethiopia could argue that those imperial powers did not foresee the decolonisation of Africa and that this represented a watershed event that profoundly changed the foundation on which the Nile Water Treaties were constructed. If Egyptian authorities refuse to abandon these anachronistic treatieswhich have created untenable water-use rights that benefit only itself and Sudanall parties will remain at an impasse. The latter, in Article 2(4), allocated acquired rights of 66% of Nile water to Egypt and 22% to Sudan (with the remaining 12% attributed to leakage). It is perhaps the most glaring demonstration of environmental or climate injustice that the youngest continent (60 percent of the population is below the age of twenty-five) is also the one that has historically least contributed to the industrial emissions of greenhouse gases yet is likely the one that will be hardest affected by meteorological The $4 billion hydroelectric dam . In any event, the dispute remains. Review a brief history of copyright in the United States. khadsyy Plus. Ethiopia needs regional customers for its hydropower to ensure the economic feasibility of the GERD. Despite the intense disagreements, though, Ethiopia continues to move forward with the dam, arguing that the hydroelectric project will significantly improve livelihoods in the region more broadly. From this round of talks, it appears that negotiations are able to move forward and address other sticking points on the agenda, such as conflict resolution mechanisms and the dams operations in the event of multi-year droughts (Al Jazeera, 2020). In June 2020, tensions escalated when Ethiopia declared its intent to fill the dam in July without an agreement, which again led to Egypt and Sudan requesting UNSC intervention on the matter (Kandeel, 2020). While the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is taking shape on . This is an intergovernmental partnership to provide a forum for consultation and coordination for the sustainable management and development of shared water. (2014). The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam will increase energy generation and development in Ethiopia, but it may have unwanted consequences for other Nile River users. Solar and wind power could break the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam According to present plans, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) now under construction across the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia will be the largest hydroelectric dam in Africa, and one of the 12 largest in the world. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) takes an expansionist view towards decolonisation as seen in the Chagos Islands Advisory Opinion, in which it allowed the decolonisation agenda to trump the UKs lack of consent to any contentious proceedings. In short, the Nile Waters Treaties do little to constrain Ethiopias ability to construct the Dam. Environmental Impacts Of Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam On The DISADVANTAGES OF ASWAN DAM the agriculture output of Egypt. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam | International Rivers Disadvantages Slow process Could be washed to the wrong direction Start up costs Lesson 4: Long term investment, It can't cope with he propagation rate of water hyacinth. The filling time is estimated to take about 10 years, during which the Blue Nile water flows would be reduced. Attempts to resolve the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute over the past decade have reached a deadlock. Improved relations among Egyptians, Ethiopians, and Sudanese can go a long way in enhancing the ability of their leaders to negotiate and adopt agreements that reflect the interests of citizens, especially regarding economic development and poverty alleviation. Ethiopia should get its fair share of water that originates in Ethiopia. Government of the United States of America. As stipulated by an Agreement of 1959 (see:Nile Main Conflict), Egypt and Sudan presented for several decades a common position vis--vis other riparians regarding the utilisation and management of Nile waters. In contrast, other watercourse states on the Nile have lent their support to the Dam. In the imperialist age, Ethiopian emperors threatened to alter the course of the Nile and stop its flow to Egypt. Nevertheless, Egypt must not use sympathy for its water vulnerability as a weapon to frustrate the efforts of the other riparians to secure an agreement that is balanced, fair, and equitable. It has also expressed concerns about the potential impact the initial filling of the dam will have on areas downstream. In order to sustain this benefit in the long run, Ethiopias neighbouring countries will have to continue to purchase hydroelectric energy, and rainfall will have to fall at the same rate on the Ethiopian Plateau. Cairo Controversy prevailed in the Egyptian public opinion, after Deltares, a Dutch advisory institute, announced on Sept. 15 its withdrawal from a study to assess the risks that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which is under construction on the Blue Nile, can cause to Egypt and Sudan. Egypt, Ethiopia to form joint committee on Renaissance Dam. Egypt Forced to Negotiate on Nile Dam. Ethiopia announced in April 2011 that it intends to build four large dams on the Nile, including one of the largest in the world, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (formerly known as Project X or the Grand Millennium Dam).This huge dam will flood 1,680 square kilometers of forest in northwest Ethiopia, near the Sudan border, and create a reservoir that is nearly twice as large as Lake Tana . You can revoke your consent to the site operator at any time by unsubscribing from the newsletter. In my opinion, this should be negotiable, to fill the lake over a longer period, and only when the river is sufficiently full. Indeed, Egypt has called the filling of the dam an existential threat, as it fears the dam will negatively impact the countrys water supplies. What Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia must overcome to all benefit from the Grand Renaissance Dam. This includes Sudan, another downstream nation that one might assume would oppose its construction. The dispute has prompted numerous international interventions, including by Gulf Arab states, which have issued political statements and led mediation efforts. However, it also entails potential negative effects on Egypt, if not carefully managed (see alsoSecurity implications of growing water scarcity in Egypt). To African commentators in recent decades, massive investments in mega-energy and irrigation projects were emblematic of the African economic emergence, and Ethiopia at that time vaunted itself as one of the fastest-growing economies in the region. Learn. They generate electricity, store water for crop irrigation and help to prevent floods. It merely provides at Article III that Ethiopia undertakes not to construct any work across the Blue Nile, Lake Tsana, or the Sobat which would arrest the flow of their waters into the Nile. In other words, Ethiopia only agreed that it would not completely stop the flow of tributaries into the Nile. As a consequence, Ethiopia has not been able to make significant use of the rivers waters. More alarmingly, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak allegedly even considered bombing the Dam. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - jpl.nasa.gov Match. to hydrate farmland), it would effectively be taken from downstream states like Egypt. The official narrative is that Ethiopia can uproot poverty and bring about a definitive end to social and economic underdevelopment by means of the construction of a series of mega-dams combined with the development of the national energy infrastructure. (eds.). Ultimately, however, Egypt did not sign the CFA (nor did Sudan) hence it does not resolve the dispute. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a critical project that intends to provide hydroelectricity to support the livelihoods of millions of people in the region. Further, it means that this figure should be used to assess the impact of the Dam on the Egyptian economy for the purposes of calculating compensation resulting from loss of flow. At the same. The disadvantages for Egypt and Sudan are the possibility of reduced river flow, although this is only really a problem during the years of filling the dam. Sudan, caught between the competing interests of both Egypt and Ethiopia, has been changing its stance on the issue. Trilateral talks mediated by the United States and World Bank from November 2019 to February 2020 collapsed as Ethiopia rejected a binding agreement with Egypt and Sudan on the filling and operation of the GERD, which led to both downstream countries requesting intervention from the UN Security Council (UNSC) in May 2020 (Kandeel, 2020). The Ethiopian government has always availed itself of its power to transfer local populations off land it decides to declare a public resource. Turning then to Ethiopia. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a 6000 MW hydropower project on the Blue Nile, which the Ethiopian government plans to build to fulfill the country's energy needs. Perhaps even more consequential is the fact that this agreement granted Egypt veto power over future Nile River projects. However, Ethiopia ultimately refused to sign the draft agreement. 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